Detect flicker — any discontinuous, or unpredictable behavior seen during UI transitions that is not due to performance.
This is often the result of a logic error in the code and difficult to identify because the issue is transient and at times difficult to reproduce.
This library helps create integration tests between SurfaceFlinger
, WindowManager
and SystemUI
to identify flicker.
Examples of flickers are:
The library builds and runs UI transitions, captures Winscope traces and exposes common assertions that can be tested against each trace.
Start by defining common or error prone transitions using TransitionRunner
.
// Example: Build a transition that cold launches an app from launcher
TransitionRunner transition = new TransitionBuilder()
// Specify a tag to identify the transition (optional)
.withTag("OpenAppCold_" + testApp.getLauncherName())
// Specify preconditions to setup the device
// Wake up device and go to home screen
.runBeforeAll(AutomationUtils::wakeUpAndGoToHomeScreen)
// Setup transition under test
// Press the home button and close the app to test a cold start
.runBefore(device::pressHome)
.runBefore(testApp::exit)
// Run the transition under test
// Open the app and wait for UI to be idle
// This is the part of the transition that will be tested.
.run(testApp::open)
.run(device::waitForIdle)
// Perform any tear downs
// Close the app
.runAfterAll(testApp::exit)
// Number of times to repeat the transition to catch any flaky issues
.repeat(5);
Run the transition to get a list of TransitionResult
for each time the transition is repeated.
List<TransitionResult> results = transition.run();
TransitionResult
contains paths to test artifacts such as Winscope traces and screen recordings.
Each TransitionResult
can be tested using an extension of the Google Truth library, LayersTraceSubject
and WmTraceSubject
.
They try to balance test principles set out by Google Truth (not supporting nested assertions, keeping assertions simple) with providing support for common assertion use cases.
Each trace can be represented as a ordered collection of trace entries, with an associated timestamp. Each trace entry has common assertion checks. The trace subjects expose methods to filter the range of entries and test for changing assertions.
TransitionResult result = results.get(0);
Rect displayBounds = getDisplayBounds();
// check all trace entries
assertThat(result).coversRegion(displayBounds).forAllEntries();
// check a range of entries
assertThat(result).coversRegion(displayBounds).forRange(startTime, endTime);
// check first entry
assertThat(result).coversRegion(displayBounds).inTheBeginning();
// check last entry
assertThat(result).coversRegion(displayBounds).atTheEnd();
// check a change in assertions, e.g. wallpaper window is visible,
// then wallpaper window becomes and stays invisible
assertThat(result)
.showsBelowAppWindow("wallpaper")
.then()
.hidesBelowAppWindow("wallpaper")
.forAllEntries();
All assertions return Result
which contains a success
flag, assertionName
string identifier, and reason
string to provide actionable details to the user.
The reason
string is build along the way with all the details as to why the assertions failed and any hints which might help the user determine the root cause.
Failed assertion message will also contain a path to the trace that was tested.
Example of a failed test:
java.lang.AssertionError: Not true that <com.android.server.wm.traces.common.LayersTrace@65da4cc>
Layers Trace can be found in: /layers_trace_emptyregion.pb
Timestamp: 2308008331271
Assertion: coversRegion
Reason: Region to test: Rect(0, 0 - 1440, 2880)
first empty point: 0, 99
visible regions:
StatusBar#0Rect(0, 0 - 1440, 98)
NavigationBar#0Rect(0, 2712 - 1440, 2880)
ScreenDecorOverlay#0Rect(0, 0 - 1440, 91)
...
at com.google.common.truth.FailureStrategy.fail(FailureStrategy.java:24)
...
The tests can be run as any other Android JUnit tests. frameworks/base/tests/FlickerTests
uses the library to test common UI transitions. Run atest FlickerTests
to execute these tests.
Monitors capture test artifacts for each transition run. They are started before each iteration of the test transition (after the runBefore
calls) and stopped after the transition is completed. Each iteration will produce a new test artifact. The following monitors are available:
Captures Layers trace. This monitor is started by default. Build a transition with skipLayersTrace()
to disable this monitor.
Captures Window Manager trace. This monitor is started by default. Build a transition with skipWindowManagerTrace()
to disable this monitor.
Captures screen to a video file. This monitor is disabled by default. Build a transition with recordEachRun()
to capture each transition or build with recordAllRuns()
to capture every transition including setup and teardown.
To add a new assertion, add a function to one of the trace entry classes, LayersTrace.Entry
or WindowManagerTrace.Entry
.
// Example adds an assertion to the check if layer is hidden by parent.
Result isHiddenByParent(String layerName) {
// Result should contain a details if assertion fails for any reason
// such as if layer is not found or layer is not hidden by parent
// or layer has no parent.
// ...
}
Then add a function to the trace subject LayersTraceSubject
or WmTraceSubject
which will add the assertion for testing. When the assertion is evaluated, the trace will first be filtered then the assertion will be applied to the remaining entries.
public LayersTraceSubject isHiddenByParent(String layerName) {
mChecker.add(entry -> entry.isHiddenByParent(layerName),
"isHiddenByParent(" + layerName + ")");
return this;
}
To use the new assertion:
// Check if "Chrome" layer is hidden by parent in the first trace entry.
assertThat(result).isHiddenByParent("Chrome").inTheBeginning();